Cutter-head.



No. 666,742. PatentedA 1an. 29, ism. A. mcKEY. GUTTER HEAD.

(Application led Jan. 19, 1900.) (No Mader.) l 2 Shsets--Sheet I.

No. 666,742. Patented lan. 29, |901. A. DICKE'Y.

CUTTER HEAD.

(Application med Jan. 19, 1900.) A

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lADAM`DIOKEY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

CUTTER-HEAD.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 666,742, dated January29, 1901.

Application filed January 19, 1900. Serial No. 2,217. .No model.)

T0 all 71171/0711, it nfty concern.:

Be it known that I, ADAM DICKEY, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk andState of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement inCutter-Heads, of which the following is a specication, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a perspectiveview of the cutter-head with the cutter in place. Fig. 2 is aperspective view of one of the cutter-head disks, showing the interiorconstruction. Fig.- 3 is an inside elevation of the cutter-head diskwhich cooperates with-the disk shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a frontelevation of what is shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 shows the cutterheadmounted in a shaping-machine. Fig. 6 is a central vertical section ofthe machine shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 shows a modified form of thecutter-head. Fig. Sis a diagram showing the inclination of the sh'aftscarrying the cutter-heads. Fig. 9 is a sectional view on line Fig. 7.Fig. l0 shows two cutterheads with their shafts inclined to bring thecutting-points together at the work and far apart diametricallyopposite, where the cutting-points again pass each other.

My invention relates to improvements in cutter-heads adaptedparticularly for use in molding-machines which cut spiral or twistmolding.

One object of my invention is to provide a cutter-head in which thecutters may be readily adjusted at a common point without overlapping,so that the two parts carrying their respective cutters may rotate inopposite direction.

Another object of my invention is to provide a cutter-head in which theopposing inner faces of the two coacting members are each formed withtwo sets of inclined grooves, one set of the grooves being occupied bythe cutters when the cutter-head is rotated in one direction and theother set being occupied by the cutters when the cutter-head is rotatedin the opposite direction, the cutters being changed from one set ofgrooves to the other set of grooves when the direction of rotation ischanged.

A third object of my invention is to provide a cutter-head in which thecutters travel in opposite directions in planes which are inclined toeach other, so that the circles in which the cutting-points travel arecontiguous at the place where the points pass each other in front-z'.e., in contact with the wood-but are comparatively widely apartdiametrically opposite said place. This construction permits thecutting-points to approach each other so close that no ridge or bead isleft in the spiral groove and insures the cutting-points divergingimmediately after making the cut, thereby avoiding fracture due to thepoints overlapping.

These cutter-heads revolve at very high speeds, at times as high as onehundred revolutions per second. In order that the cuts may be perfectlysmooth, there must be no vibration, and hence the cutter must be rigidlysecured in place. Again, when the cutters work in pairs, as in makingspiral molding for stairs, balustrades, and the like, the working endsof the cutters must be very accurately adjusted to a point; otherwise aridge will be left by the interval between the cutting-points. Again, ifthe cutters revolve in opposite directions, as in the cutting of spiralmolding, any slight overlapping of the cutting-points will result in thefracture of the cutters. Therefore in setting the cutters great caremust be taken to adjust the cutters so that the ends will come to apoint and yet not overlap-that is, travel in contiguous circles. Theseconsiderations show that a cutter head should, first, hold the cutterrmly, and, second, permit the adjustment of the cutters to be madetoward each other so that the points of the cutters converge upon agiven point when the ends of the cutters are moved in a line across thecutter-head shaft.

In my new cutter-head no bolts or screws pass through the cutters, andthereby I obviate the disadvantages resulting from the working loose ofbolts and washers and the faulty adjustment due to the unavoidabledierence in thickness of the washers. The inclination of the cutterstoward each other is given by the movement of the cutters in theirsockets across the line of the cutterhead shaft. There can be no tiltingupward of the butt-.end of the cutter, for the upper Walls of thecutter-socket are undercut, so that the upper Walls overhang thecutters. The cutters are therefore held securely against all IOOvibration, and the adjustment of the cutters across the shaft, which isreadily and accurately made, gives the cutter its sidewiseadjustmentthat is, brings the cutters together at a predetermined point,so that the cutting ends travel in contiguous circles of equaldiameters. In the cutting of spiral molding the cutters must revolve inopposite directions while making a cut in order that the cut ou bothbevels may be with the grain of the wood. must be guarded against; yetthe cutting ends of the cutters must travel in contiguous circles inorder to prevent the leaving of a ridge at the bottom of the spiralgroove.

I shape the walls of the groove in my new cutter-head alternately rightsand lefts, as is best shown in Fig. 2. I-Ience with my new cutter-headwhen the second or reverse cut is to be made it is necessary only tochange the cutters from one socket to the one adjacent. The cutter-headmay then be revolved in the reverse direction. This is an importantfeature of myinvention and saves much time in making a cut.

Another feature of my invention is the inclination of the shaft carryingthe cutterhead. This inclination brings the points of the cutters, onthe one hand, into extremely close proximity when passing each other. infront, and thereby avoids leaving a ridge between the cuts"'made by thecutters separately; but this inclination brings the points of thecutters, on the other hand, comparatively far apart when passing eachother kon the side away from the work. In Fig. 8 is shown a diagramillustrating this inclination somewhat exaggerated. (See moreparticularly Fig. 9.)

In the drawings illustrating the principle of my invention and the bestmode now known to me of applying that principle, a is one disk of thecutter-head, formed with a boss b and provided with a shaft c. Theinside wall of the disk is formed with a groove produced by cutting thewall downwardly and outwardly, as at d, and horizontally and outwardly,as at e. The walls of one pairoi' adjacent grooves come together at thepoint f, and the walls of the other pair come together at the point g,diametrically opposite. The grooves are formed, therefore, alternatelyrights and lcfts, and this permits the direction of motion of bothcutter-heads to be reversed to make a second cut without other changethan the transferring of the cutters from one socket to the one adjacentto it. In the cutter-head shown there are four sockets formed by thecombination of the eight grooves, two rights and two lefts, or provisionfor two cutters. The cooperating disk his shown in Figs. l, 3, and 4C.On its inside walls are cut grooves, the wall t coacting with the wall dto hold the cutter firmly in place and to give the cutter the propersidewise inclination. The wallt' cooperates with the wall e to form asupport for the base of the cutter. The two grooves Hence overlapping ofthe points' cooperate vto form a socket for the cutter. The two disksare secured together by bolts j, that pass through the holes k. Theadjustment of the cutters is readily made, for since the sidewiseinclination is determined by the inclination of the walls of the recessan adjustment of the cut-ter in aline across the cutter-head is all thatneed be made. This greatly simplifies the adjustment, does away with thetentative methods previously necessary, and saves much time. It will beunderstood from what has been said above that the adjustment must bevery fine.

In Figs 5 and 6 the cutter-heads are shown mounted in the machine, andthe mode of belting to run the cutter-heads in opposite directions isalso illustrated. `These figures also showin plan the inclination of thecutters to the disks and the shafts. The dotted lines in Fig. 8 show theinclination of the shafts of the cutter-heads to bring thecutting-points close together at the work and separate them afterpassing the work, as previously cX- plained.

I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to the precise formshown. For instance, instead of forming the walls d and h inclined, asshown, these walls may be made vertical, as shown at l and m, Fig. 7,and bounded by two horizontal planes, as n and o, to inclose snugly acutter rectangular in cross-section. As the form of this cross-sectionmay vary, so may the inclination of the planes that bound thesocket togive a snug fit; but the side walls of the sockets should be inclineddiagonally from side to side to cause the ends of the cutters toconverge to a fixed point determined by the inclination of these walls,so that the cutting ends may travel in opposite directions in contiguouscircles.

The advantages of -my new cutter-head are, irst, the cutter-heads areused in pairs and the grooves in the disks permit the cuttingpoints ofthe cutters of the cooperating heads to be readily given an exceedinglyfine adjustment toward each other; second, the grooves are cut in twosets, having reverse inclinations across the line of the cutter-headshafts, which construction permits the cutters to be changed from oneset of grooves to the other when the direction of rotation is reversedfor the back cut, and, third, the inclination of the cutter-head shaftscauses the cutting-points to move from each other at points away fromthe work and causes them to move very close to each other at the work.

What I claim isl. In combination in a machine for turning spiralmolding, a pair of cutter-heads, each head made up of a pair of grooveddisks suitably secured together, the grooves inl said disks beinginclined across the line of the cu tter-head shafts; a pair of cutters,one in each cutter-head, held in the said grooves in the coacting disks;the grooves holding said cu tters being inclined toward each otherthereby IOO IIO

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permitting the cutting-points to be brought close together for thepurpose set forth; and mechanism for rotating the two cutter-heads inopposite directions.

2. The herein-described cutter-head made up of a pair of coacting disksgrooved to receive cutters; said grooves being inclined across the axisof the cutter-head; and bolts or like secu ring means for clamping thetwo disks together; said securing means passing through the disksnon-axially therewith.

3. In combination in a shapingm-achine,a pair of cutter-heads grooved toreceive cutters; cutters mounted in said grooves; said grooves beinginclined from one face of the cutter-head to the other, therebypermitting the cuttingpoints to be brought close together; and a pair ofshafts, one for each cutter-head, said shafts being inclined to eachother, thereby throwing the cutting-points close together where theypass each otheIl at the work.

4. A cutter-head made up of, a pair of coacting members, the opposedinner faces of said members being formed with grooves which deepen fromone face of the member to the opposite face thereof and the shallow endsof adjoining' grooves in the same face being adjacent to each other; andmeans for securing said coacting members together.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 17th day ofJanuary, 1900.

ADAM DICKEY. Witnesses:

H. M. KELSO, JAMES HAMILTON.

